INTEGRATING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION INTO PUBLIC POLICY FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA, CANADA, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

Authors

  • Herdianto Wahyu Pratomo Universitas Majalengka, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v14i04.9083

Keywords:

Social Inclusion, Public Policy, Social Cohesion, Religious Education, Pluralism

Abstract

Background: Religious education plays an essential role in shaping moral and ethical values in society. Its integration into public policy can serve as a strategic means to strengthen social inclusion, reduce discrimination, and enhance social cohesion. Purpose of the Study: This study examines how religious education contributes to public policy in fostering inclusive societies by comparing practices in Indonesia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Methods: A qualitative comparative case study was conducted using literature A qualitative comparative case study was conducted through literature analysis, document review, and policy evaluation, drawing on constitutional mandates, curriculum frameworks, official reports, and scholarly research. Thematic analysis was used to compare how RE is institutionalized and its implications for inclusivity. Results: Canada and the UK demonstrate that inclusive and non-doctrinal RE—supported by pluralistic curricula and strong governance—effectively promotes tolerance, interfaith dialogue, and social cohesion. Indonesia continues to face fragmented systems and exclusive curricula, although initiatives such as pluralism-oriented curricula, interfaith programs, and Pancasila-based character education indicate emerging progress. Conclusions: Integrating RE into public policy can enhance inclusion when supported by targeted curriculum reform, teacher capacity-building, and accountability mechanisms. The study recommends cross-religious modules, multi-faith advisory councils, and inclusive pedagogies to strengthen the role of RE in building cohesive and democratic societies.

References

Arifianto, Alexander Raymond. 2016. “Addressing Religious Intolerance in Indonesia.” https://hdl.handle.net/10220/41709.

Azra, Azyumardi. 2017. Surau: Pendidikan Islam Tradisi Dalam Transisi Dan Modernisasi. Kencana.

Baharun, Hasan, and Robiatul Awwaliyah. 2017. “Pendidikan Multikultural Dalam Menanggulangi Narasi Islamisme Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies) 5 (2): 224–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15642/jpai.2017.5.2.224-243.

Banks, James A. 2009. “Multicultural Education: Dimensions and Paradigms.” In The Routledge International Companion to Multicultural Education, 9–32. Routledge.

Beaman, Lori G. 2017. “Religious Diversity in the Public Sphere: The Canadian Case.” Religions 8 (12): 259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/rel8120259.

Berry, David. 2020. “Canadian Multiculturalism Act.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-multiculturalism-act.

Brooks, Emily, and Eric Cossato. 2025. “Religious Education as a Tool for Social Cohesion in a Multicultural Society,” April.

Brown, Stewart J. 2001. The National Churches of England, Ireland, and Scotland 1801-46. OUP Oxford.

Fadilla, Annisa Rizky, and Putri Ayu Wulandari. 2023. “Literature Review Analisis Data Kualitatif: Tahap Pengumpulan Data.” Mitita Jurnal Penelitian 1 (3): 34–46.

Fancourt, Nigel. 2022. “The Meaning of Religious Education in English Legislation from 1800 to 2020.” British Journal of Religious Education 44 (4): 497–511. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2021.1968793.

Febrianto, Andre, Munir Munir, and Karoma Karoma. 2025. “Strategi Inklusif Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Masyarakat Multikultural.” J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah 4 (2): 1545–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v4i2.6869.

Jackson, Robert. 2014. Signposts-Policy and Practice for Teaching about Religions and Non-Religious World Views in Intercultural Education. Council of Europe.

Munawaroh, Faikhatul, and Achmad Hidayatullah. 2024. “Studi Literatur Tentang Strategi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Mempromosikan Kerukunan Antar Umat Beragama.” Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pendidikan Agama Islam 2 (6): 58–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61132/jmpai.v2i6.599.

Parker, Lyn, and Chang-Yau Hoon. 2013. “Secularity, Religion and the Possibilities for Religious Citizenship.” Asian Journal of Social Science 41 (2): 150–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341296.

Pertiwi, Eky Prasetya, A Zulkarnain Ali, and Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah. 2025. “Filosofi Dan Prinsip Dasar Pendidikan Inklusi: Implikasi Terhadap Masalah Sosial Masyarakat.” Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan 14 (1 Februari): 329–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.1817.

Saraswati, L G, and Abby Gina Boang Manalu. 2023. “Rekognisi Keragaman Budaya Dan Multikulturalisme Bhineka Tunggal Ika.” Krtha Bhayangkara 17 (2): 273–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v17i2.802.

Setiawan, Farid, Fita Triyana, and Khalidah Fitri Arum Sari. 2021. “Implementasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sekolah.” JURNAL PUSAKA: Media Kajian Dan Pemikiran Islam 10 (1): 22–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35897/ps.v10i1.580.

Shofan, Moh. 2011. Pluralisme Menyelamatkan Agama-Agama. Samudra Biru.

Sholichah, Hidayatus, Adam Hafidz Al Fajar, Syamraeni Syamraeni, and Mudfainna Mudfainna. 2025. “Systematic Literature Review: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Inklusif Untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan Sosial.” JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN HUMANIORA 11 (1): 27–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jseh.v11i1.664.

Tudor, Sarah. 2024. “Quality of Religious Education in Schools in England.” House of Lords Library. https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/quality-of-religious-education-in-schools-in-england/.

UK, G O V. 2021. “Research Review Series: Religious Education.”

Downloads

Published

26-11-2025

Citation Check