Religious Indoctrination in The 2013 Islamic Religious Education Curriculum: A Content Analysis Of Teaching Materials And Its Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i04.6697Keywords:
2013 Curriculum, Indoctrination, Intolerance, Islamic religious education, Religious educationAbstract
This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the 2013 Islamic Religious Education curriculum, using the framework of religious indoctrination theory. It examines the curriculum's impact on learners, particularly its potential to restrict creativity or promote independent thinking. The study investigates the curriculum and related materials, employing qualitative content analysis to uncover embedded meanings. Findings reveal the curriculum's susceptibility to indoctrination, particularly when hindering students' critical thinking. The analysis highlights several key observations: (1) The 2013 curriculum prioritizes memorization over comprehensive understanding; (2) Textbooks and teacher's books encourage passive acceptance of Islamic teachings, lacking critical thinking promotion; and (3) Teacher's books lack specificity, allowing individual religious orientations to influence instruction, potentially perpetuating negative practices.
References
Autio, T. (2013). The Internationalization of Curriculum Research. In W. F. Pinar (ed.), International Handbook of Curriculum Research, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, pp. 17–31.
Copley, T. (2005). Indoctrination, education and God: The struggle for the mind. London: SPCK Publishing.
Copp, D. (2016). Moral education versus indoctrination. Theory Res. Educ., 14(2), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878516656563
Coulson, A. J. (2004). Education and indoctrination in the muslim world: Is there a problem? What can we do about it? Policy Analysis, 2004. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/education-indoctrination-muslim-world-there-problem-what-can-we-do-about-it
Diwan, I. & Vartanova, I. (2020). Does education indoctrinate?. Int. J. Educ. Dev., 78, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102249
Hare, W. (2007). Ideological indoctrination and teacher education. J. Educ. Controv., 2(2), 1–6. Available at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/jec/vol2/iss2/5
Hull, J. M. (1984). Studies in religion and education. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052620
Kazepides, T. (1983). Is religious education possible? A rejoinder to W.D. Hudson. J. Philos. Educ., 17(2), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1983.tb00037.x
Kazepides, T. Educating, socialising and indoctrinating. J. Philos. Educ., 16(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1982.tb00608.x
Kemendikbud. (2014). Pendidikan agama Islam dan budi pekerti. Jakarta: Kemendikbud.
Kemendikbud. (2017). Teacher’s book for Islamic religious education. Jakarta: Kemendikbud.
Lewin, D. (2022). Indoctrination. J. Philos. Educ., 56(4), 612–626. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.12668
Lundgren, H., Bang, A., Justice, S., & Marsick, V. (2017). Conceptualizing reflection in experience-based workplace learning. Hum. Resour. Dev. Int., 20(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2017.1308717
Meynell, H. A. (2006). Moral education and indoctrination. J. Moral Educ., 4(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724740040103
Null, W. (2017). Curriculum, from theory to practice. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Parker, L (2016). Religious environmental education? The new school curriculum in Indonesia. Environ. Educ. Res., 23(9), 1249–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1150425
PPIM. (2017). Api dalam sekam. Keberagamaan generasi Z: Survei Nasional tentang sikap keberagamaan di sekolah dan universitas di Indonesia. Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Raihani, R. (2017). Education for multicultural citizens in Indonesia: Policies and practices. Comp. A J. Comp. Int. Educ., 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1399250
Raihani. (2011). A whole-school approach: A proposal for education for tolerance in Indonesia. Theory Res. Educ., 9(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878510394806
Saud, U. & Johnston, M. (2006). Cross-cultural influences on teacher education reform: Reflections on implementing the integrated curriculum in Indonesia. J. Educ. Teach., 32(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470500510894
Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Schubert, W. H. (1986). Curriculum: Perspective, paradigm, and possibility. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Scruton, R., Ellis-Jones, A. & O’Keefe, D. (1985). Education and indoctrination. Harrow: Education Research Centre.
Tan, C. (2004). Michael Hand, indoctrination and the inculcation of belief. J. Philos. Educ., 38(2), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-8249.2004.00380.x
Tan, C. (2011). Islamic education and indoctrination: The case in Indonesia. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203817766
Thiessen, E. J. (1985). Initiation, indoctrination, and education. Can. J. Educ., 10(3), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/1494324
Thiessen, E. J. (1993). Teaching for commitment: Liberal education, indoctrination, and christian nurture. New York: McGill-Queen’s Press.
van den Akker, J. (2006). Introducing educational design research. In T. Plomp and N. Nieveen (eds.) Educational design research. Netherland: Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development, pp. 37–52.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ifah Khadijah, Hoerul Umam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
