DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS BY INDONESIAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS AT SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOLS IN PADANG

Abstract

This study aims to describe: (1) the forms of directive speech acts used by teachers in Indonesian language learning at the Special Education Schools (SLB) of Yayasan Pembina Pendidikan Luar Biasa (YPPLB), SLB Work Shop, and SLB Kasih Ummi; (2) the speech strategies used by teachers in Indonesian language learning at the three schools. This research is a qualitative study using a descriptive-analytical method. The data consist of directive utterances produced by Indonesian language teachers during the learning process in Down Syndrome student classrooms. The data sources are three Indonesian language teachers from three Special Education Schools (SLB), namely YPPLB, SLB Work Shop, and SLB Kasih Ummi. Data were collected through the non-participant observation technique (simak bebas libat cakap) by recording and transcribing the teachers’ utterances, assisted by an audio recording device and a data inventory format. Data analysis combined theory of directive speech acts, politeness strategy theory components, carried out through three stages: (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion drawing. The findings reveal three conclusions. First, the directive speech acts of Indonesian language teachers at Special Education Schools in Padang City were identified in five forms: commanding (44 data), challenging (23 data), suggesting (14 data), requesting (15 data), and advising (13 data), with commanding as the most dominant form. Second, teachers used only three of the five politeness strategies proposed, namely bald-on-record with positive politeness (52 data), bald-on-record without redress (44 data), and bald-on-record with negative politeness (13 data), with positive-politeness bald-on-record being the most frequently used strategy. opening, core, and closing stages of the lesson.