MORATORIUM (INZHAR AD-DAIN) DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30868/ad.v2i01.239Abstract
Sebelum dunia keuangan kontemporer mengaplikasikan konsep moratorium dalam pembayaran utang, Islam sudah jauh hari mengenalkan konsep ini kepada umatnya. Di dalam al-Qur’an sendiri terdapat ayat-ayat tentang moratorium yang menjadi dasar apliksi konsep moratorium. Bukan sekedar itu, banyak pula hadis-hadis yang menerangkan bahkan memerinci bagaimana konsep moratorium yang profesional, adil dan tidak merugikan kedua belah pihak. Seiring berjalannya waktu konsep moratorium semakin populer dalam dunia keungan global. Bahkan bukan sekedar menjadi solusi kemacetan keuangan, namun sengaja digunakan sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Banyak perusahaan, instansi bahkan negara yang memberlakukan moratorium untuk mendapatkan bunga tambahan dari keterlambatan pembayaran utang. Padahal konsep dasar moratorium adalah akad sosial (tabarru’) yang memang tidak boleh digunakan untuk mengambil keuntungan. Di dalam tulisan ini dikupas bagaimana hukum Islam memandang kasus moratorium yang dijadikan sebagai sarana mendapatkan keuntungan atau manfaat sekaligus bagaimana hukum penalti dalam kasus moratorium. Begitu juga syarat-syarat dibolehkan dan dilarangnya moratorium serta sanksi yang akan diterima bagi mereka yang sengaja tidak melunasi hutang setelah moratorium baik di dunia dan akhirat. Jadi dengan menelaah tulisan ini kita bisa mendalami hakikat moratorium di dalam Islam, tinjauan ayat dan hadis tentang moratorium, syarat-syarat dibolehkan dan dilarang moratorium, hukum tambahan manfaat dan penalti dalam moratorium serta sanksi yang didapat bagi siapa saja yang tidak melunasi pembayaran utang.
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Kata kunci: moratorium, (inzhar ad dain), penalti, gharamah maliyah, utang-piutang.
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Abstract
Before the contemporary finance world applied the concept of a moratorium on debt repayment, Islam had long ago introduced this concept to its people. In the Qur'an itself, there are verses about the moratorium which became the basis of apliksi moratorium concept. Not only that, there are also many traditions that explain even detail how the concept of a moratorium that is professional, fair and not harms both parties. Over time the concept of the moratorium is increasingly popular in the world of global finance. Not even just a solution to financial congestion, but deliberately used as a way to gain profit. Many companies, even state agencies that impose a moratorium on obtaining additional interest from late payment of debt. Though the basic concept of a moratorium is a social contract (tabarru') which it should not be used to take advantage. In this paper, we discuss how the Islamic law sees the moratorium case as a means of obtaining profit or benefit as well as how the law of penalty in case of the moratorium. So are the conditions allowed and prohibited moratorium and sanctions will be accepted for those who intentionally do not pay off debt after the moratorium both in the world and the hereafter. So by examining this article, we can explore the nature of the moratorium in Islam, the review of verses and traditions about the moratorium, the conditions allowed and prohibited moratorium, additional law benefits and penalties in the moratorium and sanctions obtained for anyone who does not pay off debt payments.
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Keyword: moratorium,( inzhar ad dain), penalty, gharamah maliyah, debt payments.
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