The Franchising of Pesantren Education: A New Model of The Development of Islamic Education in A Disruptive Era

This study aims to find a new model in the development of Islamic Boarding Schools or well known as pesantren. By adopting a business system, pesantren can be developed by a franchise model. The data collection methods used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. From the data obtained, the results indicated a new model in the development of pesantren, namely the franchise model. The franchise model in pesantren can be perceived in three points. Firstly, the existence of the central pesantren as the control holder of branch pesantren. Secondly, the presence of royalties paid by the branch pesantren to the central pesantren in exchange for the given learning system. The royalty is not material but in the form of tahfidz students who have good character. It is in line with the purpose of the Tahfidz Daarul Qur’an Islamic Boarding School to print thousands of memorizers of the Qur’an in the archipelago. Thirdly, the existence of a standard learning system that can be adopted and followed by the branch pesantren .


A. INTRODUCTION
Islamic boarding school, or well known as pesantren, is the oldest educational institution in Indonesia. As an academic and social institution born in the Walisongo Era, it has defended itself from the currents of modernity.
Furthermore, in the current era of disruption, it has to survive and develop. "Franchising is a special right owned by an individual or a business entity to a business system with business characteristics in the context of marketing goods and/or services that have been proven successful and can be utilized and/or used by other parties based on a franchise agreement." If this system is implemented in pesantren, there will be a central and a branch pesantren. The position of the branch pesantren is not independent but based on the central pesantren as the controller.
The franchise system applied by pesantren is not a business system to develop entrepreneurship and seek profit but to develop the pesantren itself.
Therefore, there is a shift of tradition in pesantren. According to Dofier, the growth and development of pesantren depend on the personal ability of the Kiai, who has a dual position as a caregiver as well as the owner or the founder (Dofier, 2011 provide rights and support to the franchisee by giving training and other supports so that the business will be well developed. ( Barbara Beshel, 2001: 2).
The franchise system consists of three main components. First, the franchisor is the party that has the method or ways of doing business. Second, the franchisee is the party who buys the franchise or system from the franchisor. Where he is entitled to run the company in a way developed by the franchisor. Third, the franchise is the system or method sold by the franchisor to the franchisee (Gemala, 2005). The franchisor has rights and obligations to the franchisee, such as allowing the franchisee to use his name, allowing the franchisee to use the system from the operating or marketing program, receiving an initial fee, and on an ongoing basis (Donald, t.t). Among the strategies that can be used is the ability of the leader to manage the business, the design of the company to be more compact and profitable without neglecting customers and society in general (Lelo Yosep, 2015).

The Development of Pesantren
The word "development" in Indonesia means "perkembangan." It comes from the root word "kembang" (flowers, red.), which means blooming, stretching, opening up, becoming more extensive, and perfect. Meanwhile, the affix of the word "pe-an" means "to be better." While lexically, "perkembangan" or development means developing gradually and regularly to get to the desired goal. (KBBI Online).
The development of pesantren is an effort or a process to improve pesantren with all its components to achieve effective and efficient goals that lead to bigger, better, more advanced, more comprehensive, and more perfect (Anwar, 2017). Meanwhile, M. Arifin argues that the development of pesantren means a gradual process of change towards a higher, more comprehensive, and more profound level to create perfection and maturity (Arifin, 1991).

Techniques for Data Analysis
Data analysis in qualitative research begins with preparing and organizing data (John W Creswell, 2007 A franchise is a distribution system in which semi-independent business owners (franchisees) pay fees and royalties to the franchised holding company to obtain rights to use the trademark, sell goods or services, and often the format of the business system (Dkk, 2008). The franchisor must provide the rights and support the franchisee by giving training or others to develop the business (Beshel, 2001 Instead, the franchisee must pay royalties to the franchisor. In contrast to franchising in the business world, the franchise system adopted by Pesantren is not to develop entrepreneurship and seek profit but to develop the pesantren itself.
Thus, the royalties are not material but graduate students who have good character and competence. In the future, they will be the successors of the following generations in spreading the religion and becoming leaders of the nation. The following is a table of the franchise system at Pesantren.

Picture 1.1 The Franchise Model of Pesantren
By applying the franchise model, the position of the branch pesantren is not independent but based on the central pesantren as the stakeholder that has the learning and management system. There is a close relationship between the branch and the central pesantren in which the progress of the central pesantren determines the progress of branch pesantren, and vice versa. To maintain the institution, the franchisee must make a contract with the franchisor regarding the management and curriculum (Situmorang, 2013 This model can be an answer to the needs of the community that pesantren is not inferior to formal education in general.
Pesantren also does not have to wait several decades to become bigger.
Because the need for education is getting faster, pesantren must also respond quickly.
By following franchising standards and building on existing brands, franchisors will usually seek profit more This research has many shortcomings, so it needs input from the readers and completion by the next researcher.